The Quantitative Analysis of Materials from the General Land Survey of the Russian Empire: The ‘Bear’ Angle

This article analyses data about the Russian bear from Economic Notes to plans of General Land Survey Empire. Despite official symbol Empire being double-headed eagle, was perceived as country’s main early formation state. The purpose this is find out how common bears were in between late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. quantitative analysis based on method continuous sampling, which allows author include information animals Complete Cameral Survey. refers for eight uyezds three provinces. study covers both old new lands makes it possible conclude that centuries, not equally every region. It found mainly forests historical core But a predominant species. Overall, according covering four St Petersburg Novgorod province, there 15 animal species territory, while 11 Taurida province. Continuous processing identify previously unknown mentions moose, lynx, ferrets, badgers Luga district, Wild horses, camels, wild boars, otters described Dnipro However, most these territories hares, well smaller predators like foxes wolves. indicators helps establish did become personification state because its predominance. Instead, due remarkable characteristics qualities made stand out.